Search results for "threshold [top]"
showing 10 items of 71 documents
Elektrophysiologische Untersuchung zum Einsatz von Streptolysin O und Natrium-Hyaluronat zur Permeabilitätsmodulation der Membran des runden Fensters…
2003
Background: The round window membrane (RWM) acts like a barrier for topically applied substances into the middle ear preventing diffusion into the perilymphatic fluid compartment. Material and Method: In an animal model, modulation of the permeability of the RWM was attempted using Streptolysin-O (SLO) in various concentrations and sodium hyaluronate. Thereafter, the effect of intratympanically applied Lidocain 2% on hearing threshold measured by auditory brainstem response was tested for Lidocain 2 % and Lidocain 2 % in combination with SLO or sodium hyaluronate. Results: The results show that both, SLO and sodium hyaluronate, influence the effect of Lidocain 2 % on hearing thresholds as a…
The German hearing in noise test
2020
The aims of this study were to develop a German Hearing In Noise Test (HINT) using the same methodology as with previous HINT tests; to develop sentence lists for measuring speech reception thresholds (SRTs); and to determine test-retest reliability and norms for measures obtained under headphones.The following steps were followed: develop and record sentences, synthesise masking noise, determine the performance-intensity (PI) function, equalise sentence difficulty in the masking noise. Form sentence lists of equal difficulty. Measure SRTs for normal hearing individuals to determine practice/learning effects, test-retest reliability, and norms.Three groups of adults (median age = 25 years) …
Withdrawal reflex organisation to electrical stimulation of the dorsal foot in humans.
2001
The present study investigated excitatory reflex receptive fields for various muscle reflex responses and reflex mediated ankle joint movements using randomised electrical stimulation of the dorsal and plantar surface of the foot in 12 healthy subjects. Eleven electrodes (0.5-cm2 cathodes) were mounted on the dorsal side and three on the plantar side of the foot. A low (1.5 times pain threshold) and a high (2.3 times pain threshold) stimulus intensity were used to elicit the reflexes. EMG signals were recorded from tibialis anterior (TA), gastrocnemius medialis (GM), soleus (SO), biceps femoris (BF), and rectus femoris (RF) muscles together with the ankle movement measured by a goniometer. …
A method for determining precise electrical hearing thresholds in cochlear implant users
2018
A psychoacoustic procedure designed for the precise assessment of perceptional threshold (T-level) in cochlear implant (CI) users is presented. The impact of this procedure on speech perception was investigated.Individual T-level measurements were obtained with the proposed procedure and three different speech processor fitting conditions were applied: (1) fitting familiar to the subject, T-levels unchanged, (2) T-level set to thresholds determined with the new procedure, (3) T-level set to thresholds determined with the new procedure, but T-level is decreased by 10 clinical units (CU). The impact of the different fitting conditions was measured by means of categorical loudness scaling (CLS…
Endocrine response after cervical manipulation and mobilization in people with chronic mechanical neck pain: a randomized controlled trial
2019
BACKGROUND: Most of the research on the effects of spinal manipulation on endocrine function has been done on healthy subjects and has yielded contradictory results. The potential role of cervical manual therapy intervention in order to induce changes in the endocrine system has not yet been investigated. AIM: The aim of this trial is to compare the effects on salivary cortisol levels and clinical outcomes of cervical manipulation versus cervical mobilization or sham manipulation in patients with chronic mechanical neck pain. DESIGN: Randomized controlled trial. SETTING: University of Alcala de Henares: outpatient (referrals from office workers). POPULATION: A total of 83 patients with chro…
Secondary hyperalgesia and perceptual wind-up following intradermal injection of capsaicin in humans.
1998
Wind-up and secondary hyperalgesia both are related to central sensitization, but whereas the former is explained by homosynaptic facilitation, the latter is due to heterosynaptic facilitation. To investigate possible interactions between both types of facilitation, we tested for alterations of perceptual wind-up in the secondary hyperalgesic skin zone adjacent to a capsaicin injection with light touch (by a cotton wisp) and punctate stimuli (calibrated von Frey hairs and pin pricks). Temporal summation of pain sensation (perceptual wind-up) was only observed with a clearly noxious stimulus (pin prick) presented at a repetition frequency of 0.6 s(-1), but not 0.2 s(-1). Pain ratings to trai…
Entrapment of adult fingers between window glass and seal entry of a motor vehicle side door: an experimental study for investigation of the force at…
2011
In modern motor vehicles with automatic power windows, a potential hazard exists for jam events of fingers between the window glass and seal entry. This study determined entrapment forces acting on adult fingers at the subjective maximum pain threshold during entrapment in such windows. The length and the girth of the proximal and distal interphalangeal joints of the triphalangeal fingers of the right hands of 109 participants (60 men, 49 women) were measured; the diameter was calculated from girth, which was assumed to be circular. The automatic power window system of a motor vehicle side door was changed to a mechanical system. During entrapment the force distributed across the four proxi…
Increased muscular and cutaneous pain sensitivity in cephalic region in patients with chronic tension-type headache
2005
Increased excitability of the central nervous system generated by repetitive and sustained pericranial myofascial nociception may be responsible for transformation of episodic tension-type headache into chronic form. We aimed to compare mechanical and electrical (intramuscular and cutaneous) pain thresholds in trapezius and anterior tibial regions between 20 patients with chronic tension type headache and 20 healthy controls. Pain thresholds to three types of electrical stimulation (single pulse, 2 and 100 Hz) were significantly lower in patients than in controls in trapezius muscle (P < 0.02) and in skin overlying the trapezius muscle (P < 0.05), whilst electrical pain thresholds did not d…
Cerebral activation in patients with somatoform pain disorder exposed to pain and stress: an fMRI study.
2006
Patients with somatoform pain disorders are supposed to suffer from an early acquired defect in stress regulation. In order to look for common alterations of the pain- and stress-responsive cortical areas, we prospectively recorded cerebral activations induced by pin-prick pain, by cognitive stress and emotional stress using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in a group of 17 patients and an age-matched control group. In addition, the hippocampal volumes of both groups were measured. Patients showed increased activations of the known pain-processing areas (thalamus, basal ganglia, operculo-insular cortex), but also of some prefrontal, temporal and parietal regions during first pai…
Generalized hyperalgesia in patients with chronic tension-type headache.
2006
Increased pain sensitivity in the central nervous system may play an important role in the pathophysiology of chronic tension-type headache (CTTH). Previous studies using pain thresholds as a measure of central pain sensitivity have yielded inconsistent results and only a few studies have examined perception of muscle pain without involvement of adjacent tissues. It has been suggested that suprathreshold testing might be more sensitive than threshold measurements in evaluation of central hyperexcitability in CTTH. The aim of the study was to compare pain ratings to suprathreshold single and repetitive (2 Hz) electrical stimulation of muscle and skin in cephalic (temporal and trapezius) and…